Military mutinies and defections

Jaclyn Johnson's Introducing the Military Mutinies and Defections Database (MMDD), 1945–2017, appeared in the Journal of Peace Research in 2021. It's a fascinating and timely read. Excerpt (footnotes and references omitted):

. . . I define mutinies as: ‘an act of collective insubordination in which troops revolt against lawfully constituted authority’, but do not seek executive power. Mutinous soldiers signal their willingness to incur costs, such as risking their lives, risking their careers, risking their prestige to secure a policy change, such as better pay, less ordered repression of civilians, less tribalism in the military or new military leadership. The definition of mutiny does not establish why mutineers are using collective insubordination. One important condition is that mutineers cannot be seeking to change the status quo of who occupies the seat of the executive. When soldiers or military leaders are seeking to replace the executive, this event is classified as a coup d’état rather than a mutiny. I require that mutiny events surpass a minimum participation threshold of 12 soldiers. This threshold is in line with the existing understanding that mutinies are defined in large part by their collective nature. A single rogue soldier or a few renegade combatants does not represent the conceptual equivalent of a mutiny. Mutiny events must be purposeful, not accidental. Simply misunderstanding orders does not constitute a mutiny. Mutineers must clearly share a grievance, and as a result, attempt to change the status quo by defying the chain of command in some observable, collective way.