Trial and execution of collaborators in post-war Belgium

A fascinating study by Dr. Dirk Luyten, Prof. Dr. Stanislas Horvat, Dr. Élise Rezsöhazy and Dr. Dmitri Roden explores the 242 cases in which the Belgian military justice system executed World War II collaborators. Four times as many people were put to death in these cases from 1944 to 1950 than in the preceding 110 years.

Background on the POSTWAREX study can be found here. Excerpt:

The project is funded by the BRAIN 2.0 programme (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) of the Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); its purpose is to analyse the use of the death penalty after the Second World War by the military justice system as a means of repression against collaboration. This repression was one of the most extensive campaigns of legal action in Belgian history. Its impact on Belgian society lasts to this day.

The repression policy led to the execution of 242 persons who were sentenced to death between 1944 and 1950. It is the most extensive execution operation in the judicial history of Belgium. These 242 executions form an exception in the history of the Belgian judiciary, as no more executions took place after this time.

Archives-based research

The executions led to intense debates in Belgian society. So far, only some aspects of the ‘group of 242’ have been studied based on available sources. The transfer of the military justice archives to the State Archives now opens the way for further research in the entire corpus and into new aspects, by associating different types of sources produced by the military courts.

Furthermore, it offers the opportunity to shed new light on the group itself by contextualising the individual profiles of the executed in comparison to the whole group of persons sentenced to death, and by analysing all steps of the decision-making process of the military justice system, from the first criminal investigations until the execution. 

The project draws on new research into the death penalty and executions by the military justice during the First World War, which was followed by a long period during which capital punishment was not applied.